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Nadezhda Krupskaya
Nadezhda Konstantinovna "Nadya" Krupskaya ((ロシア語:Наде́жда Константи́новна Кру́пская), scientific transliteration ''Nadežda Konstantinovna Krupskaja'') ( – 27 February 1939)〔McNeal, 13.〕 was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and politician (she served as the Soviet Union's Deputy Minister of Education from 1929 until her death in 1939), and the wife of Vladimir Lenin from 1898 until his death in 1924.
== Parents ==
She was born to an upper-class but impoverished family. Her father was a Russian military officer, a nobleman of the Russian Empire. Nadya's father, Konstantin Ignat'evich Krupski (1837–1897), was orphaned in 1847 at age nine. He was educated and given a commission as an infantry officer in the Russian Army. Just before leaving for his assignment in Poland he married Nadya's mother.〔McNeal, 5–9.〕
After six years of service Krupski lost favor with his supervisors and was charged with "un-Russian activities." He may have been suspected of being involved with revolutionaries. Following this time he worked in factories or wherever he could find work. Later in life he was recommissioned as an officer just before his death.〔McNeal, 5–9.〕
Her mother Elizaveta Vasilyevna Tistrova (1836–1903), was the daughter of landless Russian nobles. Elizaveta's parents died when she was young and she was enrolled in the Bestuzhev Courses, the highest formal education available to women in Russia during this time. After earning her degree Elizaveta went on to work as a governess for noble families until she married Krupski.〔McNeal, 11–12〕
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